{"id":918,"date":"2016-04-13T04:00:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-13T01:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=918"},"modified":"2018-03-21T09:48:10","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T07:48:10","slug":"04-13-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-13-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On distingue, quant \u00e0 cette coutume, deux cat\u00e9gories de premiers-n\u00e9s (en effet, en Egypte, toutes sortes de premiers-n\u00e9s moururent). Premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0: le premier-n\u00e9 du p\u00e8re\u00a0; c\u2019est lui qui h\u00e9rite d\u2019une double part, lors de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Et quoique, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 maternel, d\u2019autres enfants fussent n\u00e9s auparavant, d\u2019un autre mari, ou qu\u2019une grossesse pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente se f\u00fbt achev\u00e9e par une fausse couche, de sorte que le premier-n\u00e9 du p\u00e8re n\u2019est pas le premier-n\u00e9 pour sa m\u00e8re \u2013 et qu\u2019il sera donc exempt du rachat des premiers-n\u00e9s \u2013, la coutume de je\u00fbner s\u2019applique n\u00e9anmoins \u00e0 lui, dans la mesure o\u00f9, au regard des lois de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage, il est le premier-n\u00e9 de son p\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>La seconde cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0: le premier-n\u00e9 de la m\u00e8re. C\u2019est \u00e0 lui que s\u2019applique le rachat des premiers-n\u00e9s. Bien que son p\u00e8re puisse avoir d\u2019autres enfants d\u2019une autre femme et que, de ce fait, il ne re\u00e7oive pas double part de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage, il constitue, en tant que premier-n\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re, le <em>p\u00e9ter r\u00e9\u2019hem<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0ouverture de matrice\u00a0\u00bb), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire celui qui ouvrit la matrice de sa m\u00e8re et qui, \u00e0 ce titre, doit \u00eatre rachet\u00e9. Quant au premier-n\u00e9 maternel qui est venu au monde par c\u00e9sarienne, il n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 halakhiquement comme premier-n\u00e9, ni du point de vue de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage, ni du point de vue du rachat\u00a0; il n\u2019a donc pas besoin de je\u00fbner la veille de Pessa\u2019h (<em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 470, 3\u00a0; mais certains apportent un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection \u00e0 leur pratique en s\u2019associant \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture d\u2019un trait\u00e9 talmudique).<\/p>\n<p>Les premiers-n\u00e9s des pr\u00eatres (Cohanim) et des l\u00e9vites (L\u00e9viim) ont, eux aussi, l\u2019usage de je\u00fbner\u00a0; bien que la Torah les ait dispens\u00e9s du rachat, ils n\u2019en restent pas moins premiers-n\u00e9s (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 470, 2).<\/p>\n<p>Une fille a\u00een\u00e9e n\u2019a pas besoin de je\u00fbner. Certains auteurs estiment, il est vrai, que les premi\u00e8res-n\u00e9es \u00e9gyptiennes moururent, elles aussi, en Egypte\u00a0; mais la coutume g\u00e9n\u00e9rale est que les filles ne je\u00fbnent pas (Rama 470, 1, \u2018Hida, <em>Ben Ich \u2018Ha\u00ef<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a pour premier-n\u00e9 un fils encore enfant, et bien que l\u2019on ne soit pas premier-n\u00e9 soi-m\u00eame, il est de coutume que le p\u00e8re je\u00fbne \u00e0 la place de son fils, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il devienne grand<sup><a href='#_te01ftn13_d' id='_te01ftnref13_d' class='aup1'>[d]<\/a><\/sup> (Rama 470, 2). Si le p\u00e8re est, lui aussi, premier-n\u00e9, le je\u00fbne du p\u00e8re vaut aussi pour le fils\u00a0; et si le p\u00e8re se joint \u00e0 un repas donn\u00e9 en l\u2019honneur d\u2019une mitsva, il sera dispens\u00e9 \u00e9galement de je\u00fbner pour le compte de son fils.<\/p>\n<p>Quand la veille de Pessa\u2019h tombe un Chabbat, on a coutume d\u2019avancer le je\u00fbne au jeudi.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref13_d' id='_te01ftn13_d'>[d]<\/a>. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire bar-mitsva.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On distingue, quant \u00e0 cette coutume, deux cat\u00e9gories de premiers-n\u00e9s (en effet, en Egypte, toutes sortes de premiers-n\u00e9s moururent). Premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0: le premier-n\u00e9 du p\u00e8re\u00a0; c\u2019est lui qui h\u00e9rite d\u2019une double part, lors de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Et quoique, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 maternel, d\u2019autres enfants fussent n\u00e9s auparavant, d\u2019un autre mari, ou qu\u2019une grossesse pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente se f\u00fbt achev\u00e9e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-13"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-13-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On distingue, quant \u00e0 cette coutume, deux cat\u00e9gories de premiers-n\u00e9s (en effet, en Egypte, toutes sortes de premiers-n\u00e9s moururent). Premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0: le premier-n\u00e9 du p\u00e8re\u00a0; c\u2019est lui qui h\u00e9rite d\u2019une double part, lors de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Et quoique, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 maternel, d\u2019autres enfants fussent n\u00e9s auparavant, d\u2019un autre mari, ou qu\u2019une grossesse pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente se f\u00fbt achev\u00e9e [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-13-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-13T01:00:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-21T07:48:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-13T01:00:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-21T07:48:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":512,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 13 - Veille de Pessa\u2019h\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/\",\"name\":\"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-13T01:00:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-21T07:48:10+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-13-04\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\",\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"orah765768\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/orah765768\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-13-04\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"04. \u00c0 qui s\u2019applique la coutume de je\u00fbner - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"On distingue, quant \u00e0 cette coutume, deux cat\u00e9gories de premiers-n\u00e9s (en effet, en Egypte, toutes sortes de premiers-n\u00e9s moururent). 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