{"id":996,"date":"2016-04-16T10:00:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-16T07:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=996"},"modified":"2018-03-21T11:19:15","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T09:19:15","slug":"04-16-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-16-10\/","title":{"rendered":"10. L\u2019obligation de s\u2019accouder"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nos sages prescrivent de s\u2019accouder, le soir du s\u00e9der, au moment de la consommation de la matsa et du vin. En effet, \u00e0 chaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, on doit se consid\u00e9rer soi-m\u00eame comme \u00e9tant lib\u00e9r\u00e9, maintenant, de la servitude d\u2019Egypte, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Et nous, il nous fit sortir de l\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 6, 23)\u00a0; or, pour que ce sentiment de libert\u00e9 soit \u00e9galement manifest\u00e9 par l\u2019attitude du corps, nos sages ont prescrit l\u2019accoudement (<em>hassava<\/em>) (Ma\u00efmonide, <em>\u2018Hamets et matsa<\/em> 7, 6-7).<\/p>\n<p>Quand un homme est sous le joug d\u2019autrui, il s\u2019assied g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement redress\u00e9, afin de pouvoir se lever d\u00e8s qu\u2019il devra accomplir son travail. Bien que cette posture requi\u00e8re un effort, imperceptible, des muscles dorsaux, et entra\u00eene une tension constante, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre prompt \u00e0 la t\u00e2che oblige l\u2019esclave \u00e0 s\u2019asseoir ainsi dress\u00e9. Si l\u2019on n\u2019est sous le joug de personne, en revanche, on peut s\u2019appuyer en arri\u00e8re, et s\u2019accouder de c\u00f4t\u00e9, confortablement et tranquillement, reposant tous les muscles dorsaux. C\u2019est de cette fa\u00e7on que l\u2019on mange, le soir du s\u00e9der\u00a0: \u00e0 la fa\u00e7on d\u2019hommes libres.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, autrefois, on avait l\u2019usage de s\u2019asseoir sur des coussins ou des \u00e9dredons, de sorte que s\u2019asseoir dress\u00e9 exigeait effectivement un effort. Face \u00e0 cela, ce que les sages appellent <em>hassava<\/em> \u00e9tait une posture interm\u00e9diaire, entre la posture assise et la posture couch\u00e9e o\u00f9 tout le corps s\u2019appuie sur le lit, ou sur des coussins ou \u00e9dredons. Cette position \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s confortable, et donnait un sentiment de libert\u00e9. Mais de nos jours, on a l\u2019habitude de s\u2019asseoir sur des chaises, et l\u2019on n\u2019a plus du tout l\u2019usage de s\u2019installer sur des lits pour manger \u00e0 demi-allong\u00e9\u00a0; si l\u2019on voulait manger ainsi, cela ne serait d\u2019ailleurs plus ressenti comme un confort, mais comme une charge. Aussi, de l\u2019avis du Raavia et du Raavan, deux des plus grands Richonim, il n\u2019y a plus, de nos jours, d\u2019obligation de s\u2019accouder.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, la majorit\u00e9 des Richonim estiment que, puisque les sages ont prescrit de manger accoud\u00e9 le soir du s\u00e9der, cette directive est toujours en vigueur, et c\u2019est une mitsva, de nos jours encore, que de manger la matsa et de boire les quatre coupes accoud\u00e9 (Ma\u00efmonide, Roch, Tour). C\u2019est ainsi que tranche, en pratique, le <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> (472, 2)\u00a0: de nos jours encore, il est obligatoire de s\u2019accouder. Cet accoudement se fait, aujourd\u2019hui, en s\u2019appuyant sur le dossier de la chaise et en se penchant du c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019obligation de s\u2019accouder s\u2019applique lorsque l\u2019on mange son premier <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> de matsa, puis son <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> de <em>korekh<\/em> (sandwich de matsa et d\u2019herbes am\u00e8res), puis son <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> d\u2019<em>afikoman<\/em> (dernier morceau de matsa, mang\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9der), et quand on boit les quatre coupes. Le reste du repas, celui qui s\u2019accoude est digne d\u2019\u00e9loge\u00a0; mais celui \u00e0 qui il n\u2019est pas confortable de s\u2019accouder durant le reste du repas n\u2019y est pas oblig\u00e9 (Ma\u00efmonide, <em>\u2018Hamets et matsa<\/em> 7, 8). Quand on mange le maror (herbes am\u00e8res), il n\u2019est pas besoin de s\u2019accouder (<em>Beit Yossef<\/em>, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 475, 14). Quand on r\u00e9cite le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>, il ne faut pas s\u2019accouder, car on doit r\u00e9citer cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction avec crainte et ferveur (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 183, 9)\u00a0; de m\u00eame, quand on r\u00e9cite la Haggada, on a coutume de ne point s\u2019accouder, afin de la r\u00e9citer de mani\u00e8re concentr\u00e9e et s\u00e9rieuse (<em>Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit<\/em>,<em> Michna Beroura<\/em> 473, 71).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nos sages prescrivent de s\u2019accouder, le soir du s\u00e9der, au moment de la consommation de la matsa et du vin. En effet, \u00e0 chaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, on doit se consid\u00e9rer soi-m\u00eame comme \u00e9tant lib\u00e9r\u00e9, maintenant, de la servitude d\u2019Egypte, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Et nous, il nous fit sortir de l\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 6, 23)\u00a0; or, pour [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>10. 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